• FDs and E/R express a lot of the same information.

  • Where does the bad schema come from? Never discussed!

  • FDs and schema design algorithms explain why E/R model design rules work.

  • Theory-based approach (FDs + algorithms) can be used to resolve problems.

  • In my experience: E/R approach.
    • But then I usually start from scratch.
    • Theory-based approach might be more useful if given a bad schema, (e.g. designed by amateurs).